A 409.6T CPO switch has 4,096 potential single points of failure, and about 80% of data-center network issues are cleaning-related. The EBO MSA's answer: no contact, no contamination. Ten of its 48 suppliers are Taiwanese.

CPO's bottleneck isn't the chip — it's how 1,152 fibers get into 1U. At ECOC 2026, Corning broke CPO reliability down line by line: under 40 FIT in total, with 38 FIT coming from the fiber array alone. It is the first time CPO's volume-production risk has been translated into operating numbers — and the answer points to coupling.