Tower put a $1.3B 2027 SiPho contract on the table, and that is only the committed portion; management hinted 2028 will be "substantially larger." The question is no longer whether SiPho takes off, but whether 300mm capacity can keep up, which is the real reason Tower took full ownership of Fab 7 in Japan.

True 3D means vertical stacking; 2.5D just places dies side by side — and that distinction decides who survives to 2030. OpenLight CEO Adam Carter names five gates that must converge (yield, alignment, thermal, testing, reliability) and flags scale-up as 3D's first volume window, 7–10x larger than scale-out.