Marvell's 2.5D heterogeneous integration uses a via-last TSV process to free silicon photonics engines from wire bonds, keeping clean signal integrity at 100 Gbaud while pushing energy efficiency toward 5 pJ/bit.

As AI traffic explodes, OCS (optical circuit switching) is displacing electrical switches at the spine layer. We break down the optical link challenges of the 1.6T era, the critical role of WDM and circulators, and why Coherent-Lite is poised to outclass IMDD.

400G optical transceivers come in many variants. This guide walks through the common specs — SR8, DR4, FR8/LR8 and FR4/LR4 — covering reach, fiber type, wavelength, lasers, connectors and PAM4 lane rates.