Google reviews five TPU generations: an architecture set in 2017 survived the Transformer takeover and scaled 3600x. For optical readers, the key line: OCS, one of only two designs still unique to TPU, is what keeps a near-10K-chip machine alive, schedulable and deployable in stages. Power has now replaced cost as the new ceiling.

As AI training outgrows a single site, Scale Across is the new normal. How Meta defines the next generation of interconnect, why Google says "fiber is the new wavelength," and the strategy behind Lumen's push to add 41 million fiber miles.

Google's fungible data center lets one facility host any generation of TPU, GPU, or CPU. As OCP standardizes power, cooling, and facility specs, Taiwan's thermal and power suppliers face a new spec-in battle, and the ticket in is OCP: a higher bar than capacity.

As AI traffic explodes, OCS (optical circuit switching) is displacing electrical switches at the spine layer. We break down the optical link challenges of the 1.6T era, the critical role of WDM and circulators, and why Coherent-Lite is poised to outclass IMDD.